NEW YORK, June 30: While summer getaways are often seen as a way to recharge, air travel itself can take a surprising toll on mental and physical health — particularly for those prone to a little-known condition known as "airplane headaches."

Recent studies reveal that up to one in 12 individuals experience these severe, travel-specific headaches, with some even developing a fear of flying as a result. In a case documented last month in the Journal of Medical Case Reports, a 28-year-old woman reported intense, recurring headaches that lasted up to 30 minutes after landing. The pain became so debilitating that she began opting for train travel instead of flying for her bi-monthly work trips.

Characterized by sudden, stabbing pain — usually localized to one side of the forehead — airplane headaches tend to strike without warning during air travel. According to Neurology Live, these headaches can occur at any stage of a flight, though they are most commonly reported during descent. Unlike migraines, airplane headaches typically subside within half an hour of onset.

First recognized in 2004 and officially classified by the International Headache Society in 2013 as "headaches attributed to airplane travel," this condition not only causes physical discomfort but also affects emotional well-being and travel habits.

A survey of affected individuals found that 28% often consider canceling flights to avoid another episode, while 18% occasionally think about doing so. Around 3% reported always canceling trips for fear of the pain. These headaches also interfere with in-flight relaxation — nearly half of respondents said the condition always disrupts activities such as listening to music, reading, or watching movies. An additional 30% said the interference occurs frequently, and 22% reported occasional disruptions.

Beyond discomfort, the condition is linked to heightened travel anxiety and avoidance behavior. In fact, up to 12% of sufferers report avoiding air travel entirely due to the pain.

Although the exact cause remains unclear, two main theories focus on the effects of cabin pressure changes during takeoff and landing. One theory suggests that rapid shifts in pressure cause cerebral arteries to dilate, reducing blood pressure in the brain and triggering sharp pain. Another posits that sinus tissue damage and inflammation due to pressure fluctuations may be responsible.

While there’s no universal remedy, certain strategies may offer relief. Some travelers find that taking medications such as triptans or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) before a flight can help prevent or minimize symptoms. In the case report, the woman experienced improvement by taking rimegepant (marketed as Nurtec ODT) about 30 minutes before boarding.

Other methods include using nasal decongestants or steroid sprays to ease sinus pressure. During flights, chewing gum or using earplugs during takeoff and landing may also help reduce discomfort.

Basic self-care remains essential: staying hydrated, managing stress, and getting adequate rest before flying are all key to preventing headaches from spoiling a well-earned vacation.