What inflammation does to the body and how to manage it

18/08/2025

What inflammation does to the body and how to manage it

Experts explain how inflammation affects the body and chronic disease risks.

NEW YORK, Aug 18: Inflammation is a natural immune response that helps the body fight infection, heal injuries, and adapt to physical stress. However, when inflammation persists, it can contribute to chronic illnesses and autoimmune conditions. Research from the University of Florida in 2024 indicates that 34.6% of American adults have systemic inflammation. Conditions linked to inflammation include arthritis, Crohn’s disease, lupus, heart disease, cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Women are particularly affected, accounting for four out of five autoimmune cases, according to the National Institutes of Health.

Acute inflammation: A helpful response

Acute inflammation occurs when the immune system reacts to immediate threats such as infection, injury, or vaccination. For example, redness and soreness in the arm after a flu shot reflect the immune system’s activity. Acute inflammation also plays a role in healing cuts and repairing small muscle tears after exercise. Symptoms can include redness, swelling, heat, pain, and temporary loss of function in the affected area. Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen may alleviate discomfort, but overuse can interfere with the beneficial effects of inflammation, such as muscle recovery.

Chronic inflammation: When the immune system misfires

Chronic inflammation occurs when the immune system remains active longer than necessary, potentially damaging healthy tissues. It is a contributing factor to many chronic diseases and can undermine overall health. Even low-level chronic inflammation can lead to fatigue, joint pain, skin problems, digestive disturbances, and increased susceptibility to illness. Factors influencing chronic inflammation include genetics, environment, diet, and lifestyle.

Recognizing when inflammation is concerning

Localized inflammation following injury or vaccination generally does not require concern. Persistent, unexplained, or severe symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out chronic inflammatory conditions or other underlying issues such as anemia or hormonal imbalances.

Lifestyle measures to reduce inflammation

Experts recommend several evidence-based strategies to minimize chronic inflammation and support immune health:

Manage stress: Chronic stress can impair immune function and accelerate biological aging. Stress management techniques include meditation, mindfulness, therapy, and relaxation exercises.
Prioritize sleep: Adequate sleep supports immune system regulation and reduces inflammatory cell production. Avoid late-day caffeine, limit screen time before bed, and maintain a consistent sleep schedule.
Maintain a balanced diet: A diet rich in whole foods, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and limited processed foods and alcohol helps reduce inflammation and supports gut health. Adults are advised to consume 28–38 grams of fiber daily.
Exercise regularly: Physical activity reduces chronic inflammation and promotes beneficial muscle repair. Consistency and enjoyment are key to long-term benefits.
Foster social connections: Healthy relationships contribute to improved immune function and reduced inflammation-related risks.
Adopt a gradual approach: Lifestyle changes should be implemented progressively to prevent added stress and support sustainable habits.

By following these measures, inflammation can be managed effectively, supporting overall health and reducing the risk of chronic disease.