NEW YORK, Sept 26: Despite its historical label as the "disease of kings," gout is experiencing a troubling rise worldwide, particularly from 1990 to 2019. A recent study highlighted significant increases in both the incidence and prevalence of gout, with the most notable spikes occurring in the U.S., Canada, and Australia, affecting both men and women. Contributing factors to this trend include obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and renal diseases.

Dr. Tochi Iroku-Malize, board chair of the American Academy of Family Physicians, describes gout as a painful form of arthritis, characterized by swelling and discomfort in joints such as the feet, ankles, wrists, and elbows. The condition arises from uric acid buildup, which forms crystals around joints, causing severe pain and inflammation, particularly in the big toe or knee. Dr. Eric Ascher from Northwell Lenox Hill Hospital emphasizes that even light contact with the affected area can result in significant pain.

While gout can affect anyone, it is more prevalent among middle-aged and older men, who are three to ten times more likely to develop the condition than women. However, in the last two decades, cases among women have more than doubled, with over 3 million affected. Symptoms may manifest differently in women, often appearing gradually in multiple joints rather than suddenly in the big toe.

Post-menopausal women face increased risk due to decreased estrogen levels, which can elevate uric acid. Studies suggest a correlation between earlier menopause and a higher risk of gout. Additionally, certain racial and ethnic groups, including Asians, are at a heightened risk, with genetic factors playing a significant role in the condition.

Diagnosis typically involves examining swollen joints and testing for uric acid crystals. Treatment options include medications like colchicine for pain relief and corticosteroids for inflammation, as well as drugs aimed at reducing uric acid levels.

To manage gout effectively, lifestyle modifications are crucial. Dr. Iroku-Malize advises limiting purine-rich foods, such as red meat, organ meats, alcohol, and shellfish, while emphasizing the benefits of staying hydrated and consuming high-potassium foods like bananas. The National Institutes of Health also recommends the DASH eating plan, which focuses on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products, to help prevent gout flares.

Regular exercise, such as daily 30-minute walks, is also beneficial for reducing flare-ups and maintaining a healthy weight, ultimately lowering the risk of developing gout.