NEW YORK, April 12, (RTRS): Studies have shown that married couples’ risk of divorce can go up after the death of a child, and now new findings suggest that relationships may also become more fragile after a miscarriage or stillbirth.
In a study of more than 3,700 US married or cohabitating couples who’d had at least one pregnancy, researchers found that those who’d suffered a miscarriage or stillbirth were more likely to break up in subsequent years than couples who had a baby.
Specifically, couples who had a miscarriage (the loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy) were 22 percent more likely than those who had a live birth to separate during the 15-year study period. With stillbirth (loss of a fetus after 20 weeks but before birth), the risk was 40 percent greater.
And while the increased risk associated with miscarriage was seen within three years of the loss, the risk linked to stillbirth persisted for nearly a decade.
The researchers say their study, published in the journal Pediatrics, is the first national study to show that couples who suffer a pregnancy loss are at increased risk of a breakup.
The findings are, however, in line with those from past studies of married couples who’ve lost a child. Those studies have generally found that while bereavement brings some couples closer together, the general risk of divorce appears to climb after losing a child.
Given that research, the current findings are not unexpected, according to lead researcher Dr Katherine Gold, of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
However, she told Reuters Health in an email, she was “honestly surprised” at the strength of the associations between pregnancy loss and relationship breakups — as well as how lasting the effects, particularly of stillbirth, appeared to be.
“For miscarriage, we saw the strongest risk in the first 1.5 to 3 years after a loss, but for stillbirth the risk lasted nearly a decade after a loss,” Gold said. “That’s a much longer period than I think any of us who work in this area would have guessed.”
However, Gold also stressed that “couples should not look at this study and think that on top of a loss their relationship is doomed.” Many couples, she said, cope well and can actually become closer after a pregnancy loss.
Still, the current findings are concerning, according to Gold, and they point to a need to understand why these couples are at increased risk of breaking up.
The study included 3,707 married or cohabitating women who had a total of 7,770 pregnancies; 82 percent ended in a birth, while 16 percent ended in miscarriage and 2 percent in a stillbirth.
A substantial number of relationships ended during the study period.
Among couples who had a live birth, more than 40 percent broke up within 10 years. But among couples who had a stillbirth, that figure was nearly 60 percent; meanwhile, close to half of couples who had a miscarriage broke up within a decade.
The findings do not prove that pregnancy loss is the reason for the higher rates of breakups, Gold and her colleagues point out. However, even when the researchers accounted for several other factors related to relationship dissolution — like younger age, lower incomes and cohabitation rather than marriage — miscarriage and stillbirth themselves were still associated with higher risks of breakups.
It’s also plausible that pregnancy loss would lead to separation for some couples, according to Gold.
“Loss of a baby can be a devastating effect for a couple,” she said, “and this study suggests there can be a ripple effect which probably comes from the stress of how two different people cope with the same event.”
It’s known, Gold noted, that men and women tend to react to grief differently, and that may lead to stress, misunderstandings and conflicts for some couples.
She said it is important for partners to anticipate that they may react differently to their loss, and then talk to each other about how they are coping. They should also know that help is available, the researcher added.
“If a couple is struggling,” Gold said, “it’s very important that they know it’s OK to get help from a counselor, a therapist, their doctor, or someone from their church.”
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Stem cell: Celgene Corp said on Thursday its experimental stem cell treatment showed promise in a tiny, Phase I study of patients with Crohn’s disease who failed to respond to prior therapy, according to initial results.
The study tested just 12 patients with Celgene’s PDA-001 stem cell treatment derived from human placental tissue. But the company was encouraged enough by the results that it will conduct multiple Phase II studies across a number of diseases.
“We are encouraged that in these patients with Crohn’s disease our unique, placenta-derived therapies show signs of clinical benefit,” Robert Hariri, CEO of Celgene’s Cellular Therapeutics unit, said in a statement.
“We will continue to aggressively pursue the clinical development of this and other cellular therapies derived from what we see as one of the richest sources of uniquely functional and versatile cells.”
Stem cells are hot area of medical research because they are believed to be able to transform into many other types of cells that could one day help treat a wide variety of injuries and illnesses.
PDA-001 is harvested from normal, full-term human placental tissue, Celgene said. As a result it is likely to avoid the controversy over embryonic stem cells, which are vehemently opposed by religious and anti-abortion groups.
The 12 patients with active moderate-to-severe Crohn’s who were unresponsive to at least one prior therapy were given two infusions of PDA-001 one week apart. Six patients received a lower dose of the cells and six received a higher concentration, or high dose, of PDA-001.
The study met its primary safety goal and demonstrated encouraging signs of clinical benefit, including clinical remission among four patients in the low dose group, Celgene said.
The company declined to speculate on why more dramatic results were seen in the lower dose patients.
Celgene discussed the stem cell study at a meeting with analysts and investors in New York at which it was showcasing its drug research pipeline.
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract that affects almost one million people in the United States.
Current, less than ideal, treatments include anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs that can lead to significant side effects and complications. Patients often require surgery or become unresponsive to therapy.